Abstract:
Competitions in children's and youth sports, development of skills in gifted athletes in track and fi eld athletics Kirill Kozlov
Objective. Improvement of the process of multi-year training on the basis of studying competitions in children’s and youth sports and development of skills in gifted athletes in track and fi eld athletics.
Methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientifi c and methodological literature and information on the Internet, legislative acts and normative documents of the International Association of Athletics Federations, data from the information database of track and fi eld athletics, published and electronic sources of the Association of Statisticians in Track and Field Athletics, IAAF electronic resources, statistical databases, methods of mathematical statistics.
Results. Competitions in children's and youth sports (through the example of track and fi eld athletics) were analyzed. The current state of the existing competition system and discussions related to their holding were reviewed. Sporting experience of recent years has shown that athletes, who have achieved success in junior sport (n = 1332) and who have become medal winners of the Youth Olympic Games, in rare cases achieve success in high performance sport. Dropout of gifted athletes due to the transition from junior to senior level in sport is a serious problem of the modern system of training athletes. More than 95 % of athletes failed to achieve their performance results demonstrated in junior sport. One of the main reasons is forced training of young athletes. The studies showed the presence of a number of problems, especially regarding the position normative documents for children's and youth sports schools, specialized children's and youth sports schools, and schools of sports excellence.
Conclusion. To further improve the system of multi-year training it is necessary to focus on the implementation of a qualitative approach that involves the compliance with the patterns and principles of consistent development of sports mastery for 8 to 12 years from the beginning of sports activity to the level of the highest achievements.
Objective. Improvement of the process of multi-year training on the basis of studying competitions in children’s and youth sports and development of skills in gifted athletes in track and fi eld athletics.
Methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientifi c and methodological literature and information on the Internet, legislative acts and normative documents of the International Association of Athletics Federations, data from the information database of track and fi eld athletics, published and electronic sources of the Association of Statisticians in Track and Field Athletics, IAAF electronic resources, statistical databases, methods of mathematical statistics.
Results. Competitions in children's and youth sports (through the example of track and fi eld athletics) were analyzed. The current state of the existing competition system and discussions related to their holding were reviewed. Sporting experience of recent years has shown that athletes, who have achieved success in junior sport (n = 1332) and who have become medal winners of the Youth Olympic Games, in rare cases achieve success in high performance sport. Dropout of gifted athletes due to the transition from junior to senior level in sport is a serious problem of the modern system of training athletes. More than 95 % of athletes failed to achieve their performance results demonstrated in junior sport. One of the main reasons is forced training of young athletes. The studies showed the presence of a number of problems, especially regarding the position normative documents for children's and youth sports schools, specialized children's and youth sports schools, and schools of sports excellence.
Conclusion. To further improve the system of multi-year training it is necessary to focus on the implementation of a qualitative approach that involves the compliance with the patterns and principles of consistent development of sports mastery for 8 to 12 years from the beginning of sports activity to the level of the highest achievements.
Аннотация:
Цель. Совершенствование процесса многолетней подготовки на основе изучения соревнований в детско-юношеском спорте и становления мастерства одаренных спортсменов в легкой атлетике.
Методы. Теоретический анализ и обобщение научно-методической литературы и информации мировой сети Интернет, законодательных актов и программных документов Международной ассоциации легкоатлетических федераций, данных информационной базы легкой атлетики, печатных и электронных источников Ассоциации статистиков по легкой атлетике, электронных ресурсов IAAF, статистической базы данных, методы математической статистики.
Результаты. Проанализированы соревнования в детско-юношеском спорте (на материале легкой атлетики). Приведено современное состояние существующей системы соревнований и дискуссии, связанные с их проведением. Как показывает спортивная практика последних лет, спортсмены, добившиеся успехов в юношеском спорте (n = 1332), ставшие победителями и призерами Юношеских Олимпийских игр в редких случаях достигают успехов в спорте высших достижений. Потери одаренных спортсменов при переходе из юношеского и юниорского спорта в спорт высших достижений являются серьезной проблемой современной подготовки спортсменов. Более 95 % спортсменов не могут повторить свой успех, продемонстрированный в юношеском спорте. Одной из основных причин является форсирование подготовки юных легкоатлетов. Проведенные исследования показали наличие целого ряда проблем, особенно в части, касающейся программно-нормативных документов для детско-юношеских спортивных школ, специализированных детско-юношеских спортивных школ и школ высшего спортивного мастерства.
Заключение. Для дальнейшего совершенствования системы многолетней подготовки необходимо ориентироваться на реализацию качественного подхода, предполагающего соблюдение закономерностей и принципов планомерного становления спортивного мастерства на протяжении 8-12 лет от начала занятий спортом до выхода спортсмена на уровень высших достижений.
